III Congreso Internacional
Historia a Debate
Santiago de Compostela, 14-18 de julio de
2004
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Transiciones a la democracia |
II. Historiographie immédiate
Table ronde J. Transitions vers la démocratie
Rada Ivekovic, Université de Saint-Etienne, France Summary Ethnic Nationalism and Violence in Situations of "Transition"[1]. The paper deals with the constitution of identity and (political) subjectivity during socialism, with its gradual delegitimizing, with the subsequent dismantlement during the nationalist period and with establishment of the new ethnocracies in power over the first transitional period.This period is usually called "transition", but towards what? The paper further deals with the new type of homogenization, with its legitimation, with the role of violence in it as well as with the role played by the pattern of gender and naturalization or essentialization used as its justification principle. It proceeds by analyzing the nation as a community constructed around a vertical principle, rather than as a society. To transform a nation into a society, and thus in a political, rather than an ethnic or religion-based community, takes another approach than the one chosen in the countries of the former Yugoslavia during and immediately after partition. Yet paradoxically, this process is itself a part of the integration of Europe, where exclusion (both inner and outward) seems to be a condition to integration. Possible comparisons to be made to the post-partition period in South Asia.
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